Community Eye Health Journal aims to ensure that up-to-date and relevant information reaches eye care workers of all levels in a reader-friendly format that can easily be adapted for training. http://www.cehjournal.org/ Copyright © International Centre for Eye Health Iris Winter and David Yorston http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_001.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_001.htm Diabetes is on the increase worldwide, due mainly to the rise in the number of people with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common because (1) People are living longer, and diabetes is more prevalent in older people. (2) As people increasingly migrate to urban areas, exercise less, eat more, and eat less healthy food, more people are becoming obese – a primary cause of type 2 diabetes. Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles Zoe Ockrim http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_004.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_004.htm Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes. We can prevent DR both by preventing diabetes (primary prevention) and by improving the management of diabetes to slow down the onset, and reduce the severity, of DR (secondary prevention). Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles Anthony Hall http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_005.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_005.htm The management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) depends on accurately recognising or classifying the different types of DR and knowing what treatment to give the patient. Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles James Rice http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_009.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_009.htm When managing the cataract of a patient with diabetes, you should remember that cataract surgery may make diabetic retinopathy worse. Eyes with mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy at the time of surgery are considered less at risk. Those with severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy have a higher risk of progressive disease. Clinically significant macular oedema (CSMO) present at the time of surgery is likely to progress and eyes with previously treated CSMO are at increased risk of recurrence. The risk of progression is increased if the operation is complicated by excessive manipulation, vitreous loss, or severe post-operative inflammation. Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles Karinya Lewis http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_010.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_010.htm Regular retinal examinations are essential for identifying diabetic retinopathy and applying timely laser treatment before significant vision is lost. This is known as retinal screening and is a key part of the care of all diabetes patients. However, non-attendance at eye clinic for screening has been recognised as an independent risk factor for poor visual outcome from diabetic retinopathy. Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_012.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_012.htm This diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading system is based on the International Council of Ophthalmology's diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema disease severity scales. At whatever level you work, you must encourage everyone with diabetes to manage their blood sugar and blood pressure. Refer them to available services for help if they are not sure how to do this, or if their control is poor Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Grading system Fernando Barría von-Bischhoffshausen, Francisco Martinez Castro, and Pedro Gomez-Bastar http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_014.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_014.htm The World Health Organization encourages the promotion and development of programmes for the prevention, detection, and management of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Such programmes must identify effective strategies and technology so that they can be adapted to the situation in each part of the world. Programmes must also be monitored and continuously improved. Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles Mohita Sharma, Anindya S Chakrabarty, Pavan Rathi, RC Sharma and Pratibha Goel http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_017.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_017.htm The prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 30 years and above in rural India is 13.2%, nearly double the global average for 2010. How can these individuals best be detected, treated and followed up? Rural communities have limited access to medical services, which leads to poor control of diabetes and hypertension. As a result, diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) may also be more frequent in rural than in urban areas. Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles Sue Stevens http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_020.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_020.htm Reasons, methods, equipment to clean eyelids. Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles Pak Sang Lee and Ismael Cordero http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_021.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_021.htm If your facility does not have a permanent standby generator to use for temporary power outages, or if you are conducting mobile clinic activities in areas without electrical power, you may need a portable generator to power your electrical devices. Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles Lisa A Rotondo and Rachel Seligson http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_022.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_022.htm All readers of the Community Eye Health Journal who are responsible for managing trachoma programmes at national, regional, or district level need to be familiar with the requirements for Zithromax® donation. The generous global donation of the antibiotic Zithromax® by Pfizer Inc. through the International Trachoma Initiative (ITI) can play an important role in the successful elimination of blinding trachoma. Therefore, the procedures required to apply for and manage the product need to be understood and followed. Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Articles http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_019.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_019.htm Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Continuing Professional Development http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_019a.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_019a.htm Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Continuing Professional Development http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_023a.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_023a.htm Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT Useful resources http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_024.htm http://www.cehjournal.org/0953-6833/24/jceh_24_75_024.htm Mon, 7 Nov 2011 09:00:00 GMT News and notices